Obituary
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Gérard Coutu
1943-2026
Linda Chrétien
1961-2026
Lise Blanchard
1942-2026
Donald Ouellet
1947-2026
Richard Tessier
1961-2026
Richard Sabourin
1960-2026
André Trudeau
1936-2026
Omer Beaulieu
1936-2026
Berthier Harrison
1954-2026
Marielle Samuel
1938-2026
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Miville Lefebvre
1947-2026
John McPherson
1950-2026
Pierre St Laurent
1950-2026
Réal St-Pierre
1956-2026
André Brochu
1941-2026
Jacinthe Ducharme
1962-2026
Alain David
1944-2026
Guy Côté
1943-2026
Jean-Yves Tessier
1938-2026
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Gilles Tassé
1944-2026
Gilles Tassé
1944-2026
René Paradis
1942-2026
Rose-Aline St-Onge
1921-2026
Paul-Henri Thériault
1944-2026
Denis Lefebvre
1957-2026
Marise Mireault
1950-2026
Diane Therrien
1959-2026
Michel Archambault
1956-2026
Yvonne Lefebvre
1935-2026
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Pierrette Brassard
1940-2026
Yvan Brissette
1964-2026
Alain Boudreau
1946-2026
Huguette Bernatchez
1937-2026
Denis Lévesque
1943-2026
Beaulieu Omer
1936-2026
Donald Ouellet
1947-2026
Claude Larocque
1939-2026
Denise Fafard
1932-2026
Trudeau André
1936-2026
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Paradis René
1942-2026
Guy Side
1943-2026
Marcel Nadeau
1940-2026
Alain Sylvestre
1956-2026
Mario Rivest
1961-2026
Banville Jacques
1961-2026
Coutu Gérard
1943-2026
Aimé Boivin
1943-2026
Dyane Delachevrotière
1945-2026
Diane Hachey
1950-2026
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Pierre Roy
1961-2026
Marie-Marthe Hénault
1936-2026
Jacques Fafard
1948-2026
Daniel Larivière
1955-2026
Denis Pimparé
1954-2026
Denise Gosselin
1939-2026
Jacynthe Maheu
1956-2026
Michel Léveillé
1964-2026
Réal Boisjoly
1941-2026
Claude Gaudet
1964-2026
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Nicole Charette
1948-2026
Monique Mondor
1937-2026
Donatien Perreault
1964-2026
Richard Tessier
1961-2026
Roland Landreville
1937-2026
Chantal Bourassa
1956-2026
Madeleine Desrosiers
1942-2026
Mario Thibodeau
1951-2026
Jacques Laporte
1943-2026
Denis Lévesque
1943-2026
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Marguerite Leroux Guimont
1931-2026
Damien Lachance
1941-2026
Jeannine Bernier
1937-2026
Yvon Picard
1957-2026
Jean L. Aubry
1932-2026
Diane Goulet
1948-2026
Nicole Delisle
1938-2026
Jocelyne Foucher
1950-2026
Lina Gervais
1944-2026
Serge Thibault
1956-2026
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Joëlle Bruneau
1963-2026
Jacques Bouchard
1938-2026
Diane Ménard
1962-2026
Evans Girard
1967-2026
Mario Chamberland
1964-2026
Karine Chayer
1980-2026
Denise Bourque
1930-2026
Sylvain Villeneuve
1967-2026
Jean Beaudoin
1931-2026
Alcide Lahaie
1933-2026
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Gilles Bérubé
1936-2026
Jacques Banville
1961-2026
Gérard Coutu
1943-2026
Linda Chrétien
1961-2026
Lise Blanchard
1942-2026
Donald Ouellet
1947-2026
Richard Tessier
1961-2026
Richard Sabourin
1960-2026
André Trudeau
1936-2026
Omer Beaulieu
1936-2026
Berthier Harrison
1954-2026
Publish an Obituary Notice
Facilitate the sharing of a tribute with our service dedicated to publishing obituary notices.
Through our partner Publideces.com, you can announce the passing of a loved one with respect and clarity. Share essential information about the funeral services and pay tribute to their memory through a personalized space.
Marielle Samuel
1938-2026
Miville Lefebvre
1947-2026
John McPherson
1950-2026
Pierre St Laurent
1950-2026
Réal St-Pierre
1956-2026
André Brochu
1941-2026
Jacinthe Ducharme
1962-2026
Guy Côté
1943-2026
Jean-Yves Tessier
1938-2026
Frequently Asked Questions about Lachance Funeral Complex, funerals and cremation
Who is Lachance Funeral Complex?
Lachance Funeral Complex is a Quebec company that offers complete funeral services throughout Quebec: traditional funerals, cremation, columbarium, ecological cemetery and prearrangements. Our mission is to accompany families with respect, simplicity and dignity, taking into account their values, beliefs and budget.
Do you only offer cremation, or also traditional funerals?
We offer both. The Lachance Funeral Complex offers both traditional funerals (visitation, celebration, procession, etc.) and cremation services. Depending on the wishes of the deceased and the family, it is possible to have a full ceremony, a more intimate celebration or a simple cremation without exposure.
What types of funeral services do you offer?
We offer a full range of services:
- care of the deceased and support for the family from the time of death;
- organization of traditional funerals with visitation, chapel and reception;
- cremation and crematorium services;
- columbarium and ecological cemetery in Joliette ;
- funeral pre-arrangements and support for your last wishes;
- Assistance with several administrative procedures related to the death.
To learn more, visit ourFuneral Services and Columbarium Everywhere in Quebec page .
Is it possible to have an exhibition or ceremony at the complex?
Yes. Our funeral complex in Notre-Dame-des-Prairies is designed to allow families to gather in a warm atmosphere. We can arrange a visitation, a chapel ceremony, as well as a reception after the funeral, depending on your needs and budget. It is also possible to choose a simpler formula, with fewer formalities or without exposure.
How does the care and, if necessary, the cremation take place?
Generally speaking, the steps look like this:
- You contact our team to notify us of the death or to find out your options (funeral or cremation).
- We take care of the deceased and we clearly explain the next steps.
- We support you with the administrative formalities and the organisation of the funeral or cremation.
- Depending on the choice chosen, we proceed with the visitation, ceremony and/or cremation, in compliance with the rules in force in Quebec.
- The ashes or the coffin are then buried, placed in the columbarium or given to the family, according to the wishes expressed.
You can also visit ourCremation page for an overview of our cremation services.
In which regions of Quebec do you offer your services?
The Lachance Funeral Complex offers its services mainly in the Joliette region but also throughout Quebec, thanks to its mobile team and its network of partners. When you call or make a request through theContact Us page , we will check your city or region and explain the options and timelines that apply to your situation.
How much do your cremation and funeral services cost?
We offer cremation packages starting at a base rate posted on our site, to which certain services may be added (additional transportation, choice of urn, ceremony, etc.). Traditional funerals are offered in packages and tailor-made services, depending on your needs.
For an overview of our services, see theCremation Everywhere in Quebec page . Our advisors always take the time to detail the prices before making any decision, in order to avoid unpleasant surprises.
Do you offer funeral pre-arrangements?
Yes. You can make your funeral pre-arrangements with the Lachance Funeral Complex in order to plan in advance the type of funeral or cremation desired, the place of burial, as well as several practical details. This helps protect your loved ones from difficult decisions and unexpected expenses at the time of death.
To reflect on your wishes, you can also consult our Mylast wishes page .
Are the sums paid for pre-arrangements protected?
Yes. In Quebec, the amounts related to funeral pre-arrangement contracts are regulated by law. The amounts are deposited according to legal requirements and funeral businesses must be registered with the Office de la protection du consommateur (OPC). This structure aims to protect consumers and ensure the traceability of the sums paid.
Our team can explain to you concretely how your money is protected and answer your questions before signing a contract.
Is it possible to have a ceremony even if I choose cremation?
That's right. The choice of cremation does not exclude the possibility of a ceremony. For example, you can hold a viewing and celebration at the resort, a more intimate ceremony in a chapel, or a tribute at home, in a rented room or outside. We will help you find the formula that best suits your wishes and your budget.
What happens to the urn, casket and ashes after the funeral or cremation?
After cremation, the ashes can be placed in a basic urn or in an urn chosen from our models, then:
- kept by the family;
- deposited in the columbarium;
- buried in the Joliette Ecological Cemetery or in another cemetery;
- dispersed in a permitted location, according to the regulations in force.
In the case of burial in a coffin, it is usually placed in a cemetery or mausoleum. Our team can guide you in choosing the location and explain the options available to you.
Can you accompany us if the death occurs at night or on weekends?
Yes. Our death emergency service is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You can call us at any time to be guided in the first steps, know what to do immediately and plan for the future, without being alone in the decisions to be made.
How can I talk to someone about options and pricing?
You can contact our team directly by phone, email or via our online form on theContact Us page . An advisor will take the time to explain the different options (traditional funeral , cremation, pre-arrangements, ecological cemetery), as well as the costs that apply to your situation, always without pressure.